Techniques and Reception of Prints in Central and Eastern Europe (15th–18th c.)
Iconographies
(Classification of iconographic subjects, primarily relying on ICONCLASS)
[Ico4260] Government, the State
✕
Expert view
Government, the
State
Ruler, sovereign
Law-giving power
Emperors and
Empresses
Pope
Rulers of Poland
Princes and prince-
electors of the Holy
Roman Empire
Rulers of Hungary
Rulers of Bohemia
Rulers of Lithuania
St Hedwig of Silesia
House of Valois
Solomon
Kings of Judah
Rulers of France
Rulers of Germany
Ancient rulers of
Persia
House of Habsburg
Sultans of the
Ottoman Empire
Usurper of the Roman
Empire
Rulers of
Mesopotamia
Saul
House of Palaiologos
House of Sforza
Kings of Jerusalem
Rulers of Ruthenia,
Muscovy and Russia
House of Medici
Herodian Dynasty
Kings of Rome
Rulers of Sweden
Visconti of Milan
Alexander the Great
Regalia - insignia
and symbols of
sovereignty (crown,
diadem, sceptre,
orb, seal, standard,
cloak, pectoral)
House of Savoy
Julius Caesar
Ancient rulers of
Judea
House of Bourbon
Rulers of England
Ancient rulers of
Assyria
Capetian House of
Anjou
Dukes of Silesia
Enthroned ruler
Hasmonean leaders
House of Farnese
House of Malatesta
House of Safavid
House of Tudor
House of Wittelsbach
Kings of Spain
Rulers of Egypt
(pharaos)
Rulers of Navarre
Rulers of the
Ostrogoths
Ancient rulers of
Etruria
Attila
Deucalion
Family of a ruler,
and court
House of Este
House of Guise
House of Trastámara
House of Valois-
Anjou
John III the
Terrible, Voivode of
Moldavia
Latin Empire
Louis II the German
Midas
Petru Rareș
Rulers of Burgundy
Rulers of Denmark
Rulers of Milan
Rulers of Norway
Rulers of Portugal
Solon
Timur
Abdalonymus
Abisares
Abistamenes
(Sabiktas)
Abulites
Aegisthus
Agesilaus
Agis II of Sparta
Agis III
Alexander II of
Epirus
Alexios II Komnenos
Alexios III Angelos
Amalric of Jerusalem
Andronikos I
Komnenos
Antigonus I
Monophthalmus
Antiochus III the
Great
Aristonicus of
Methymnae
Artemisia I of Caria
Audoin
Baldwin I of
Jerusalem
Baldwin II of
Jerusalem
Baldwin II, Latin
Emperor
Baldwin IV of
Jerusalem
Berengar II of Italy
Candaules
Cangrande I della
Scala
Cecilia Renata of
Austria
Charles the Bold
Christian II of
Denmark
Codrus
Constance of Austria
Croesus
Cyriades
Demetrius I of
Macedon
Dionysius I of
Syracuse the Elder
Edward VI
Eleonore of Austria
Elizabeth of Austria
Erythrus
Eudamidas I
Fredegund
Gaiseric
García Ramírez of
Navarre
Gelon
Gian Galeazzo Sforza
Gian Galeazzo
Visconti
Gian Maria Visconti
Giovanni Maria
Visconti
Hairan I (Septimius
Herodianus)
Hairan II
Hayreddin Barbarossa
Henry IV of France
Henry of Flanders
Herod Agrippa II
Herod Archelaus
Hypsicratea
Isaac II Angelos
Juba I of Numidia
Jugurtha
Kakko
Lothair II
Ludovico Maria
Sforza
Lycurgus
Lysimachus
Manuel I Komnenos
Marcus Licinius
Crassus
Marie Casimire
Sobieska
Marie Louise Gonzaga
Mark Antony
Masynissa
Mazaeus
Mitrydates
Moeris aka Soeris
Odysseus (Ulysses)
Omphis (Taxiles)
Orxines
Oxyartes
Pacorus I
Periander
Philibert II, Duke
of Savoy
Philip I of Castile
Philip II of Macedon
Philip III of France
Philip III of
Macedon
Pittacus of Mytilene
Polycrates
Porus
Prusias I of
Bithynia
Pyrrhus of Epirus
Ramon Berenguer I,
Count of Barcelona
Ramon Berenguer II,
Count of Barcelona
Ramon Berenguer III,
Count of Barcelona
Septimius Odenathus
Series of rulers
Sisimithres
St Sigismund of
Burgundy
Tetricus II
Theodoric the Great
Timolaus of Palmyra
Vaballathus
Victorinus
Zenobia
Popular
representation ~
government
Julio-Claudian
dynasty
House of Habsburg
Carolingian dynasty
House of Palaiologos
Komnenos
Gallic Emperors
House of Luxembourg
Augustus (Roman
Emperor)
Constantine VI
Diocletian
House of Wittelsbach
Trajan
Charles I the Great
(Charlemagne)
Charles the Bald
Constans II
Constantine III
Constantine IV
Heraclonas
Hohenstaufen
Irene of Athens
Latin Empire
Leo I the Thracian
Leo II (emperor)
Leo III the Isaurian
Leo IV the Khazar
Lothair I
Louis II the German
Louis the Pious
Maximilian I, Holy
Roman Emperor
Maximilian II
Habsburg
St Helena
Aemilianus
Agnes of Poitou
Alexander (Byzantine
emperor)
Alexander, Byzantine
Emperor
Alexios I Komnenos
Alexios II Komnenos
Alexios III Angelos
Alexios IV Angelos
Anastasius I
(emperor)
Anastasius II
(emperor)
Andronikos I
Komnenos
Andronikos II
Palaiologos
Andronikos III
Palaiologos
Antoninus Pius
Arcadius
Ariadne (empress)
Arnulf of Carinthia
Aurelian
Balbinus
Baldwin II, Latin
Emperor
Basil I
Basil II
Berengar I of Italy
Caligula
Caracalla
Carinus
Carus
Charles IV, Holy
Roman Emperor
Charles V, Holy
Roman Emperor
Charles the Fat
Claudius
Claudius Gothicus
Clodius Albinus
Commodus
Conrad II
Constans
Constantina
(empress, wife of
Maurice)
Constantine II
Constantine IX
Monomachos
Constantine V
Constantine VII
Constantine VIII
Constantine X Doukas
Constantine XI
Palaiologos
Constantine the
Great
Constantinus Chlorus
Constantius Chlorus
Constantius II
Crispus
Cunigunde of
Luxembourg (St
Cunigunde)
Decentius
Decius
Diadumenian
Didius Julianus
Domitian
Elagabalus
Eleanor of Portugal,
Holy Roman Empress
Eudokia
Makrembolitissa
Ferdinand I, Holy
Roman Emperor
Florianus (Emperor)
Frederick I
Barbarossa
Frederick II, Holy
Roman Emperor
Frederick III, Holy
Roman Emperor
Gaius Julius Verus
Maximus
Galba
Galerius
Gallienus
Geta
Gisela of Swabia
Gordian I
Gordian II
Gratian
Hadrian
Henry II, Holy Roman
Emperor or St Henry
the Exuberant
Henry III, Holy
Roman Emperor
Henry IV, Holy Roman
Emperor
Henry V, Holy Roman
Emperor
Henry VI, Holy Roman
Emperor
Henry VII, Holy
Roman Emperor
Heraclius
Herennius Etruscus
Honorius
Hostilian
Ingenuus
Irene of Athens
(empress regent)
Isaac I Komnenos
Isaac II Angelos
Isabella II of
Jerusalem
John I Tzimiskes
John II Komnenos
John V Palaiologos
John VI
Kantakouzenos
John VIII
Palaiologos
Jovian
Julian the Apostate
Justin I
Justin II
Justinian I
Justinian II
Kwintyllus
Leo I (emperor)
Leo VI the Wise
Leon V
Leontius
Licinius
Licinius II
Lothair III
Louis II of Italy
Louis IV, Holy Roman
Emperor
Louis the Blind
Lucius Aelius Caesar
Lucius Verus
Macrinus
Magnentius
Magnus Maximus
Makrynus
Manuel I Komnenos
Manuel II
Palaiologos
Marcian
Marcus Aurelius
Martina (empress)
Martinian
Maurice
Maxentius
Maximian
Maximinus Daza
Maximinus Thrax
Michael I Rangabe
Michael II the
Amorian
Michael III
Michael IV the
Paphlagonian
Michael V Kalaphates
Michael VI Bringas
Michael VII Doukas
Michael VIII
Palaiologos
Nero
Nerva
Nikephoros I
Nikephoros II Phokas
Nikephoros III
Botaneiates
Numerian
Otho
Otto II
Otto III
Otto IV
Otto the Great
Pertinax
Pescennius Niger
Philip II (Roman
emperor)
Philip the Arab
Philippikus
Phocas
Poppaea Sabina
Postumus
Probus (emperor)
Pupienus
Quintillus
Romanos I Lekapenos
Romanos II
Romanos III Argyros
Romanos IV Diogenes
Rudolf II, Holy
Roman Emperor
Saloninus
Septimius Severus
Severus Alexander
Severus II
Sigismund, Holy
Roman Emperor
Statilia Messalina
Staurakios
Tacitus (Emperor)
Tetricus I
Theodora (wife of
Justinian I)
Theodora (wife of
Theophilos)
Theodora
Porphyrogenita
Theodosius I
Theodosius II
Theodosius III
Theophanu
Theophilos,
Byzantine Emperor
Tiberius
Tiberius II
Constantine
Tiberius III
Titus
Trebonianus Gallus
Valens
Valentinian I
Valentinian II
Valentinian III
Valerian (Roman
emperor)
Vespasian
Vitellius
Volusianus
Zeno (Emperor)
Zoe
Papal crest
Installation of a
pope
Ceremonial
celebrations (pope)
Clement IV (Gui
Foucois)
Innocent IV
(Sinibaldo Fieschi)
Insignia of the
pope, e.g. tiara
Leo X (Giovanni de'
Medici)
Lucius III (Ubaldo
Allucingoli)
St Gregory the Great
Adrian IV (Nicholas
Breakspear)
Adrian VI (Adriaan
Floriszoon Boeyens)
Agatho
Alexander I (pope)
Alexander II
(Anselmo da Baggio)
Alexander III
(Rolando Bandinelli)
Alexander VI
(Rodrigo de Borja)
Alexander VII (Fabio
Chigi)
Alexander VIII
(Pietro Vito
Ottoboni)
Anacletus I
Anastasius II (pope)
Benedict VIII
(Teofilatto di
Tuscolo)
Benedict XI (Nicola
Boccasini)
Boniface I
Boniface IX (Pietro
Tomacelli)
Boniface VII
Boniface VIII
(Benedetto Caetani)
Caius (pope)
Callixtus II (Guy of
Burgundy)
Callixtus III
(Alfonso di Borgia)
Celestine I
Celestine III
(Giacinto Bobone
Orsini)
Celestine V (Pietro
Angelerio)
Clement I
Clement IX (Giulio
Rospigliosi)
Clement V (Raymond
Bertrand de Gouth)
Clement VI (Pierre
Roger)
Clement VII (Giulio
de' Medici)
Clement VIII
(Ippolito
Aldobrandini)
Clement X (Emilio
Bonaventura Altieri)
Constantine (pope)
Council of Trent
Damasus I
Dionysius
Eugene I
Eugene IV (Gabriele
Condulmer)
Evaristus
Felix IV
Formosus
Gelasius I
Gregory II
Gregory III
Gregory IX (Ugolino
di Conti)
Gregory V (Bruno of
Carinthia)
Gregory VII
(Ildebrando
Aldobrandeschi di
Soana)
Gregory X (Teobaldo
Visconti)
Gregory XI (Pierre
Roger de Beaufort)
Gregory XII (Angelo
Correr)
Gregory XIII (Ugo
Boncompagni)
Hilarius
Hyginus
Innocent I
Innocent II
(Gregorio
Papareschi)
Innocent III
(Lotario dei Conti
di Segni)
Innocent VI (Étienne
Aubert)
Innocent VIII
(Giovanni Battista
Cybo)
Innocent XI
(Benedetto
Odescalchi)
John III
John VIII aka Pope
Joan aka Agnes
John XI
John XIII
John XIV (Peter
Canepanova)
John XXII (Jacques
Duèze)
John XXIII
(Baldassarre Cossa)
Julius II (Giuliano
della Rovere)
Julius III (Giovanni
Maria Ciocchi del
Monte)
Leo I (pope)
Leo IV
Leo IX (Bruno von
Egisheim-Dagsburg)
Liberius
Linus
Marcellinus
Martin I
Miltiades
Nicholas I
Nicholas III
(Giovanni Gaetano
Orsini)
Nicholas V (Tommaso
Parentucelli)
Paschal II
(Ranierius)
Paul II (Pietro
Barbo)
Paul III (Alessandro
Farnese)
Paul IV (Gian Pietro
Carafa)
Paul V (Camillo
Borghese)
Pius I
Pius II (Enea Silvio
Bartolomeo
Piccolomini)
Pius III (Francesco
Todeschini)
Pius IV (Giovanni
Angelo de’ Medici)
Pius V (Antonio
Ghislieri)
Pope presiding at
Mass in the Sistine
Chapel
Pope's blessing at
Easterday ('urbi et
orbi')
Pope-Wolf
Sabinian
Sergius I
Sergius III
Silverius
Siricius
Sixtus I
Sixtus II
Sixtus III
Sixtus IV (Francesco
della Rovere)
Sixtus V (Felice
Piergentile)
Soter
St John XV
Stephen II (pope)
Sylvester I
Sylvester II
(Gerbert of
Aurillac)
Symmachus
Telesphorus (pope)
Tiber River Monster;
Papal Ass
(Papstesel)
Urban I
Urban II (Odo of
Châtillon)
Urban III (Uberto
Crivelli)
Urban IV (Jacques
Pantaléon)
Urban V (Guillaume
de Grimoard)
Urban VI (Bartolomeo
Prignano)
Urban VII
(Giambattista
Castagna)
Urban VIII (Maffeo
Barberini)
Victor I
Vigilius
Zephyrinus
Zosimus
Legendary rulers of
Poland
Bolesław I the Brave
Stephen Báthory
(Stephen I of
Poland)
Bolesław V the
Chaste
Sigismund II
Augustus of Poland
Władysław III of
Poland
Bolesław III the
Wry-Mouthed
Bolesław the Bold
Casimir II the Just
Casimir IV of Poland
Henry I of Poland
Jagiellonian dynasty
Sigismund I of
Poland
Władysław I of
Poland
Agnes of Babenberg,
Duchess of Poland
and Silesia
Alexander, king of
Poland
Anna Jagiellon
Anna of Austria
Augustus II the
Strong
Bolesław I the Tall
Bolesław IV the
Curly
Bona Sforza
Casimir I the
Restorer
Casimir III of
Poland
Elizabeth of Austria
Henry II the Pious
Henry III of France
Henry IV the
Righteous
Henry the Bearded
Jadwiga of Poland
John I Albert of
Poland
John II Casimir Vasa
John III Sobieski
Leszek II the Black
Leszek the White
Louis I of Hungary
Michał Korybut
Wiśniowiecki
Mieszko I
Mieszko II
Mieszko III the Old
Premislaus II
Richeza of
Lotharingia, Queen
consort of Poland
Sigismund III of
Poland
Wenceslaus II of
Bohemia
Władysław Herman
Władysław II
Jagiełło
Władysław II the
Exile
Władysław III
Spindleshanks
Władysław IV of
Poland
Zbigniew of Poland
John Frederick I,
Elector of Saxony
Albert I of Germany
Albert II of Germany
Albert of
Brandenburg
Albert, Duke of
Prussia
Anna Maria of
Braunschweig-
Calenberg-Göttingen
Catherine of Saxony
Christoph of
Württemberg
Dorothea of Denmark,
Electress Palatine
Frederick II,
Elector Palatine
Frederick III,
Elector Palatine of
the Rhine
Frederick the Wise
Hedwig Jagiellon
Henry of Bohemia
Henry the Fowler
John the Steadfast,
Elector of Saxony
Otto Henry, Elector
Palatine
Philip I, Landgrave
of Hesse
Philip of Swabia
Rupert, King of the
Romans
Sophia Jagiellon
William II of
Holland
Wolfgang, Count
Palatine of
Zweibrücken
Władysław III of
Poland
Andrew II of Hungary
Jagiellonian dynasty
Maximilian II
Habsburg
Stephen I of Hungary
Vladislas II of
Bohemia
Andrew I of Hungary
Béla I of Hungary
Béla IV of Hungary
Coloman of Hungary
Géza I of Hungary
John Zápolya
Ladislaus IV of
Hungary
Ladislaus the
Posthumous
Louis I of Hungary
Louis II of Hungary
Matthias Corvinus
Samuel Aba
Solomon of Hungary
St Casimir receiving
the crown of Hungary
St Elisabeth of
Hungary
St Ladislaus
Stephen II of
Hungary
House of Luxembourg
Jagiellonian dynasty
Libuše
Maximilian II
Habsburg
Vladislas II of
Bohemia
Albert II of Germany
Bořivoj I of Bohemia
Bořivoj II of
Bohemia
Charles IV, Holy
Roman Emperor
Dzierżysław
Henry of Bohemia
Jaromir
Louis II of Hungary
Oldřich
Ottokar I of Bohemia
Přemysl the
Ploughman
Rupert, King of the
Romans
Sobiesław I
St Wenceslas
Wenceslaus II of
Bohemia
Wenceslaus IV of
Bohemia
Wratysław I
Legendary rulers of
Lithuania
Stephen Báthory
(Stephen I of
Poland)
Algirdas
Augustus II the
Strong
Bona Sforza
Gediminas
John II Casimir Vasa
John III Sobieski
Kęstutis
Michał Korybut
Wiśniowiecki
Mindaugas
Montvilas
Sigismund
Kęstutaitis
Skirgaila
Traidenis
Vaišvilkas
Vytautas
Vytenis
Władysław II
Jagiełło
Švitrigaila
Canonization of St
Hedwig by Clement IV
Christ from a
crucifix blessing St
Hedwig
Penitence of St
Hedwig of Silesia
St Hedwig entering a
monestery
St Hedwig healing
the two blinds and
miraculously
removing a fishbone
from nun’s throat
St Hedwig of Silesia
disconnecting the
rod from the hand
of a woman through
her prayer
St Hedwig of Silesia
foretelling future
events
St Hedwig of Silesia
healing many sicks
through a blessing
with the image of
the Virgin
St Hedwig of Silesia
healing the two
blinds and
miraculously
removing a fishbone
from nun’s throat
St Hedwig of Silesia
performing the works
of mercy
St Hedwig of Silesia
saving two hanged
men from death and
releasing them
St Hedwig of Silesia
taking a vow of
chastity
St Hedwig of Silesia
tormented by demon
in her bed
St Hedwig of Silesia
washing the feet of
a leper
St Hedwig of Silesia
with her husband
taking up vow of
chastity before the
bishop
St Hedwig tuning
water into wine
St Stanislaus of
Szczepanów appearing
to St Hedwig of
Silesia
St Stanislaus, St
Mary Magdalene, St
Catherine, St Ursula
and St Thecla
appearing to the
dying St Hedwig of
Silesia
Sweet smell wafting
from head of St
Hedwig of Silesia
after her death
The fallen candle
not setting fire to
prayer book of St.
Hedwig of Silesia
during her prayer.
Coats of arms of the
House of Valois
(Fleur-de-lis)
Philip VI of France
Charles IX of France
Charles V of France
Charles VI of France
Charles VII of
France
Charles VIII of
France
Claude of France
Francis I of France
Francis II of France
Henry II of France
Henry III of France
John II of France
Louis XI
Louis XII
Margaret of Valois
Marguerite de
Navarre
Renée of France
Temple of Solomon
Song of Solomon,
Song of Songs
Ambassadors of king
Hiram of Tyre before
Solomon
Bathsheba asking
David to proclaim
Solomon king
Bathsheba bringing
Adoniah's request to
Solomon
Bathsheba kneeling
before Solomon
Judgment of Solomon
Palace of Solomon
People come from
near and far to hear
Solomon's wisdom
Solomon and the
queen of Sheba
Solomon as Teacher
Solomon blessing the
people
Solomon enthroned
Solomon in his study
Solomon offering
sacrifices in the
temple
Solomon offering
sacrifices on the
altar at Gibeon
Solomon's prayer for
wisdom
Speech of Solomon
Ahaz
Asa
Hezekiah
Jeroboam I
Abijah of Judah
Ahaziah of Judah
Amaziah of Judah
Aristobulus I
Children of Esau
Jehoahaz of Judah
Jehoash of Judah
Jehoram of Judah
Jehoshaphat
Jotham
Patriarch among his
sons
Uzziah
Zedekiah
House of Valois
Capetian dynasty
Merovingian dynasty
Carolingian dynasty
Kings of the Salian
Franks
House of Bourbon
Kings of Neustria
Henry I of Poland
Philip VI of France
Charibert I
Childebert I
Chlothar I
Francis I of France
Henry III of France
Henry IV of France
Louis XII
Louis the Stammerer
House of Habsburg
German kings
Carolingian dynasty
House of Luxembourg
House of Wittelsbach
Frederick William,
Elector of
Brandenburg
Hohenstaufen
Adolf of Nassau
Charles IV, Holy
Roman Emperor
Frederick I of
Prussia
Frederick the Fair
Henry II, Holy Roman
Emperor or St Henry
the Exuberant
Henry III, Holy
Roman Emperor
Henry VI, Holy Roman
Emperor
Rudolf I of Germany
Rupert
Wenceslaus IV of
Bohemia
Ahasuerus
Cyrus II
Darius III
Darius the Great
Shalmaneser
Ariobarzanes of
Persis
Arsames
Artabazos II
Artaxerxes
Bessus
Cambyses II
Cyrus I
Pharnabazus III
Satibarzanes
Xerxes
Maximilian I, Holy
Roman Emperor
Albert I of Germany
Albert II of Germany
Catherine of
Austria, Queen of
Portugal
Charles V, Holy
Roman Emperor
Eleanor of Austria
Ferdinand I, Holy
Roman Emperor
Frederick III, Holy
Roman Emperor
Isabella of Austria
Margaret of Austria,
Duchess of Savoy
Mary of Hungary
(governor of the
Netherlands)
Philip the Handsome
Rudolf I of Germany
Murad II
Bayezid the
Thunderbolt
Bayezid II
Kalapin (alleged
Bayezid's son)
Mehmed I
Mehmed the Conqueror
Murad I
Musa
Orhan
Osman I
Selim the Grim
Suleiman the
Magnificent
Süleyman Çelebi
Aureolus
Celsus
Censorinus (usurper)
Julius Saturninus
Laelian
Maeonius
Marcian (usurper)
Piso (general under
Macrianus)
Quietus
Regalianus
Titus (usurper)
Trebellianus
Nebuchadnezzar
Belshazzar
Amel-Marduk (Evil-
Merodach)
Antiochus I Soter
King of Elam and
three allied kings
making war against
the five rebellious
kings of the
Pentapolis
Nebuchadnezzar II
Ninus
Sardanapalus
Seleukos I Nikator
Semiramis
Saul's death
Saul's head and
armour in the temple
of Ashtaroth
David and Abishai
invading Saul's
encampment
David as a young man
in the Israelite
army camp is brought
up before Saul
David learning of
the death of Saul
and Jonathan
Samuel anointing
Saul
Samuel rebuking Saul
after victory over
Amalekites
Saul casting his
spear at David
Saul's Offering
Andronikos II
Palaiologos
Andronikos III
Palaiologos
Constantine XI
Palaiologos
John V Palaiologos
John VI
Kantakouzenos
John VIII
Palaiologos
Manuel II
Palaiologos
Michael VIII
Palaiologos
Bona Sforza
Francesco I Sforza
Francesco II Sforza
Galeazzo Maria
Sforza
Gian Galeazzo Sforza
Ludovico Maria
Sforza
Maximilian Sforza
Quarterly coat of
arms of the House of
Sforza
Baldwin I of
Jerusalem
Baldwin II of
Jerusalem
Baldwin IV of
Jerusalem
Children of Esau
Godfrey of Bouillon
Isabella II of
Jerusalem
Patriarch among his
sons
Peter II of
Courtenay
Sviatoslav I of Kiev
False Dmitry I
Ivan III the Great
Ivan IV the Terrible
Marina Mniszech
Vasily III, Grand
Prince of Muscovy
Vasily IV Shuisky
Władysław IV of
Poland
Leo X (Giovanni de'
Medici)
Alessandro de'
Medici, Duke of
Florence
Catherine de' Medici
Clement VII (Giulio
de' Medici)
Cosimo I de' Medici
Ferdinando II de'
Medici
Lorenzo de' Medici
Herod Antipas
Herod Agrippa
Herod Agrippa II
Herod Archelaus
Herod the Great
Herodias
Tarquin the Elder
(Lucius Tarquinius
Priscus)
Ancus Marcius
Numa Pompilius
Servius Tullius
Tarquin the Proud
Tullus Hostilius
House of Oldenburg
Christina, Queen of
Sweden
Gustavus Adolphus
John II Casimir Vasa
Sigismund III of
Poland
Władysław IV of
Poland
Coat of arms of the
House of Visconti
(Biscione)
Beatrice Lascaris di
Tenda
Filippo Maria
Visconti
Gian Galeazzo
Visconti
Gian Maria Visconti
Giovanni Maria
Visconti
Altars of Alexander
(Alexandri arae)
Aristotle Teaching
Alexander the Great
Battle at Issus (5
November 333 BC) -
Alexander fighting
against Darius at
Issus
Battle of Gaugamela
(Battle of Arbela; 1
October 331 BC)
Chart of the
Diadochi (Daniel's
final vision)
Crown (symbol of
sovereignty)
Globus cruciger
Seal (symbol of
sovereignty)
Globus cruciger
Sceptre
Bona of Savoy
Charles III, Duke of
Savoy
Louise of Savoy
Philibert II, Duke
of Savoy
Caesar, Commentarii
de Bello Gallico
Aggressive
relationships of C.
Julius Caesar
Caesar, Commentarii
de Bello Civili
Julius Caesar as one
of the nine worthies
Aristobulus II
Hyrcanus II
Salome Alexandra
(queen regnant)
House of Bourbon-
Montpensier
House of Bourbon-
Vendôme
Henry IV of France
House of Tudor
Edgar, King of
England
William I the
Conqueror
Sennacherib
Salmanasar V
John II, Duke of
Lorraine
René of Anjou
Henry the Bearded
Henry II the Pious
Christ enthroned
Solomon enthroned
Hasmonean Monarchs
(Ethnarchs and
Kings) and High
Priests
Maccabees (rebel
leaders)
Paul III (Alessandro
Farnese)
Pier Luigi Farnese
Roberto Malatesta
Sigismondo Pandolfo
Malatesta
Sultan-Agha Khanum
Tahmasp I
Edward VI
Henry VIII
Louis IV, Holy Roman
Emperor
Rupert, King of the
Romans
House of Habsburg
Philip II of Spain
Ptolemy II
Philadelphus
Shishak
House of Bourbon
House of Albret
Amalasuintha
Athalaric
Lars Porsena
Battle of the
Catalaunian Plains
(20 June 451)
Deucalion and
Pyrrha: stones
turning into men
Royal household;
courtiers, retinue,
train
Ercole II d'Este
Mary of Guise
Joanna of Castile
René of Anjou
Battle of John III
the Terrible with
the Turks (1574)
Baldwin II, Latin
Emperor
Louis II the German,
Lothair I and
Charles II the Bald
Calumny of Apelles
Battle of Obertyn
(22 August 1531)
Philip the Handsome
House of Oldenburg
House of Bourbon-
Montpensier
House of Oldenburg
House of Aviz
Solon's Conversation
with Croesus
Battle of Ankara (20
July 1402)
Lower House,
Parliament, Chamber
Upper House, Senate
Julius Caesar
Augustus (Roman
Emperor)
Aelia Paetina
Aemilia Lepida
(fiancee of
Claudius)
Agrippina the Elder
Agrippina the
Younger
Antonia Minor
Antonia the Elder
Atia (mother of
Augustus)
Britannicus
Calpurnia (wife of
Caesar)
Claudia (wife of
Octavian)
Claudia Antonia
Claudia Augusta
Claudia Octavia
(wife of Nero)
Claudius
Cornelia (wife of
Caesar)
Drusus Caesar
Drusus Julius Caesar
(son of Tiberius)
Gaius Octavius
(father of Augustus)
Gnaeus Domitius
Ahenobarbus (father
of Nero)
Julia (daughter of
Caesar)
Julia (wife of
Marius)
Julia Drusilla
Julia the Elder
(daughter of
Augustus)
Livia Drusilla (wife
of Augustus)
Livia Medullina
Livia Orestilla
Lollia Paulina
Marcia (grandmother
of Julius Caesar)
Marcus Vipsanius
Agrippa
Messalina
Milonia Caesonia
Nero Claudius Drusus
Nero Julius Caesar
Octavia the Younger
Plautia Urgulanilla
Pompeia Magna
Scribonia (wife of
Octavian)
Tiberius
Tiberius Claudius
Drusus (son of
Claudius)
Tiberius Claudius
Nero
Tiberius Gemellus
Vipsania Agrippina
Maximilian I, Holy
Roman Emperor
Albert I of Germany
Albert II of Germany
Catherine of
Austria, Queen of
Portugal
Charles V, Holy
Roman Emperor
Eleanor of Austria
Ferdinand I, Holy
Roman Emperor
Frederick III, Holy
Roman Emperor
Isabella of Austria
Margaret of Austria,
Duchess of Savoy
Mary of Hungary
(governor of the
Netherlands)
Philip the Handsome
Rudolf I of Germany
Carloman II
Charles Martel
Charles the Simple
Lothair of France
Louis II of Italy
Louis IV of France
Louis V of France
Odo of France
Pepin the Short
Andronikos II
Palaiologos
Andronikos III
Palaiologos
Constantine XI
Palaiologos
John V Palaiologos
John VI
Kantakouzenos
John VIII
Palaiologos
Manuel II
Palaiologos
Michael VIII
Palaiologos
Alexios I Komnenos
Alexios II Komnenos
Alexios IV Angelos
Andronikos I
Komnenos
Isaac II Angelos
John II Komnenos
Manuel I Komnenos
Laelian
Marcus Aurelius
Marius
Postumus
Tetricus I
Tetricus II
Victorinus Junior
(fictional usurper)
Charles IV, Holy
Roman Emperor
Sigismund, Holy
Roman Emperor
Wenceslaus IV of
Bohemia
Census ordered by
Caesar Augustus
Tiburtine sibyl and
the emperor Augustus
Constantine VI and
Irene of Athens
Leo IV the Khazar
and Constantine VI
St Florian before
the Emperor
Diocletian
St Florian sentenced
to death by
Diocletian
Louis IV, Holy Roman
Emperor
Rupert, King of the
Romans
Trajan's Column
Trajan's Dacian wars
Hildegard (queen)
Louis II the German,
Lothair I and
Charles II the Bald
Constans II and
Constantine IV
Constantine III and
Heraclonas
Constans II and
Constantine IV
Constantine III and
Heraclonas
Philip of Swabia
Constantine VI and
Irene of Athens
Baldwin II, Latin
Emperor
Leo I the Thracian
and Leo II
Leo I the Thracian
and Leo II
Siege of
Constantinople under
Leo III (717/718)
Leo IV the Khazar
and Constantine VI
Louis II the German,
Lothair I and
Charles II the Bald
Louis II the German,
Lothair I and
Charles II the Bald
Judith of Bavaria
First Congress of
Vienna (1515)
Danzig rebellion
(1576-1577)
Finding of the True
Cross
Coat of arms of the
House of
Aldobrandini with
papal crest
Coat of arms of
Alexander VI with
papal crest
Coat of arms of the
House of Barberini
with papal crest
Coat of arms of the
House of Boncompagni
with papal crest
Coat of arms of the
House of Borgia with
papal crest
Coat of arms of the
House of Carafa with
papal crest
Coat of arms of the
House of Ciocchi del
Monte with papal
crest
Coat of arms of the
House of Correr with
papal crest
Coat of arms of the
House of Della
Rovere with papal
crest
Coat of arms of the
House of Farnese
with papal crest
Coat of arms of the
House of Ghislieri
with papal crest
Coat of arms of the
House of Medici
(Balls) with papal
crest
Coat of arms of the
House of Orsini with
papal crest
Coat of arms of the
House of Peretti di
Montalto with papal
crest
Coat of arms of the
House of Visconti
(Biscione) with
papal crest
Coat of arms of the
House of of Borghese
with papal crest
Ceremonial
procession (pope
carried on the sedia
gestatoria)
Papal coronation
Opening the Holy
Door (Jubilee in the
Catholic Church)
Canonization of St
Hedwig by Clement IV
St Stanislaus of
Szczepanów appearing
at the same time to
Pope Innocent IV and
cardinals and saving
one of them from
death
Papal tiara
Canonization of St
Casimir by Leo X
Body of St Florian
reaching out the
hand to Pope Lucius
III as a sign that
the saint wants to
be taken to Poland
Mass of St Gregory
Leszko II
Popiel II
Čech
Krakus
Krakus II
Lech
Lech II
Lestek
Leszko I
Leszko III
Leszko IV
Piast the
Wheelwright
Popiel I
Siemomysł
Siemowit
Twelve palatines of
Poland
Wanda
Wizymir
Bolesław the King of
Poland giving the
brothers generous
gifts
Brothers appearing
to King Bolesław
Coronation of
Bolesław I the Brave
King Bolesław with
bishops praying at
the tomb of the holy
brothers
Remains of St
Adalbert bought for
the gold
St Adalbert received
by the Polish king
Danzig rebellion
(1576-1577)
Siege of Polotsk
(1579)
Siege of Velikiye
Luki (1-5 September
1580)
St Kinga and her
husband taking up
vow of chastity
St Kinga's and her
husband's
contribution to the
canonisation of St
Stanislaus
Castrum doloris of
King Sigismund II
Augustus displayed
at San Lorenzo in
Damaso Church in
Rome on 10 November
1572
Sigismund Augustus
as child
Battle of Meshtitsa
(24 December 1443)
Battle of Varna (10
November 1444)
Battle of Nakło
(1109)
St Stanislaus of
Szczepanów bringing
the redivivus before
the king as a
witness
Bishop Gedko's and
Casimir the Just's
vision of Saints
Florian and
Stanislaus
St Casimir before
King Casimir
Henry of Valois
elected King of
Poland heading to
Poland
Anne of Bohemia and
Hungary
First Congress of
Vienna (1515)
Władysław I's battle
with the Teutonic
Knighs
John Frederick I,
Elector of Saxony
(full length)
John Frederick I,
Elector of Saxony
(half-lenght)
Battle of Meshtitsa
(24 December 1443)
Battle of Varna (10
November 1444)
Blessed Salomea
received by Andrew
II in Hungary
Anne of Bohemia and
Hungary
Danzig rebellion
(1576-1577)
Saints Andrew Zorard
and Benedict Szkalka
before Stephan of
Hungary
First Congress of
Vienna (1515)
Charles IV, Holy
Roman Emperor
Sigismund, Holy
Roman Emperor
Wenceslaus IV of
Bohemia
Anne of Bohemia and
Hungary
Rally after Libuše's
death
Danzig rebellion
(1576-1577)
First Congress of
Vienna (1515)
Boris
Borkus
Giermontus
Ginvilas
Kunos
Palemon
Ryngold
Skirmantas
Spera
Swintorohus
Traubus
Vykintas
Widewuto (Viduutus,
Vidvutus, Witowudi,
Waidewut,
Vaidevutis),
legendary ruler of
Prussia
Živinbudas
Danzig rebellion
(1576-1577)
Siege of Polotsk
(1579)
Siege of Velikiye
Luki (1-5 September
1580)
Quarterly coat of
arms of Henry of
Valois as King of
Poland and Grand
Duke of Lithuania
White Eagle with
Henry of Valois
fleur-de-lis
Equestrian statue of
Philippe VI de
Valois in Paris
Notre-Dame
Bronze laver in the
Temple of Solomon
Laver of brass
Molten Sea in the
Temple of Solomon
Porch and the
Sanctuary
Ptolemy IV
Philopator struck by
paralysis for coming
too close to the
sanctuary in the
temple of Jerusalem
Sacrificial Feast in
Solomon's Temple
Sanctuary of the
Temple of Solomon
Solomon blessing the
people
Speech of Solomon
Two brazen pillars:
Jachin and Boaz
Veil made with
cherubim
Bride and groom
(Song of Songs)
Solomon's bed
guarded by sixty
soldiers
King Ahaz burning
his own son as a
sacrificial offering
Sacrifice of Ahaz
Asa defeating the
Ethiopians
Baasha invades Judah
Angel of the Lord
decimates the
Assyrian camp
Sign of Hezekiah's
healing
Death of Jeroboam's
son Abijah
Coats of arms of the
House of Valois
(Fleur-de-lis)
Philip VI of France
Charles IX of France
Charles V of France
Charles VI of France
Charles VII of
France
Charles VIII of
France
Claude of France
Francis I of France
Francis II of France
Henry II of France
Henry III of France
John II of France
Louis XI
Louis XII
Margaret of Valois
Marguerite de
Navarre
Renée of France
Charles IV of France
Henry I of France
Hugh Capet
Louis IX of France
or St Louis
Louis VI of France
Louis VII of France
Louis VIII of France
Louis X of France
Philip I of France
Philip II of France
Philip III of France
Philip IV of France
Philip V of France
Robert I of France
Robert II of France
Childebert II
Childeric II
Childeric III
Chilperic II
Chlothar III
Chlothar IV
Clovis II
Clovis III
Dagobert I
Dagobert II
Theuderic IV
Carloman II
Charles Martel
Charles the Simple
Lothair of France
Louis II of Italy
Louis IV of France
Louis V of France
Odo of France
Pepin the Short
Childeric I
Chlodio
Clovis I
Merovech
Pharamond
House of Bourbon-
Montpensier
House of Bourbon-
Vendôme
Henry IV of France
Chilperic I
Chlothar II
Henry of Valois
elected King of
Poland heading to
Poland
Equestrian statue of
Philippe VI de
Valois in Paris
Notre-Dame
Maximilian I, Holy
Roman Emperor
Albert I of Germany
Albert II of Germany
Catherine of
Austria, Queen of
Portugal
Charles V, Holy
Roman Emperor
Eleanor of Austria
Ferdinand I, Holy
Roman Emperor
Frederick III, Holy
Roman Emperor
Isabella of Austria
Margaret of Austria,
Duchess of Savoy
Mary of Hungary
(governor of the
Netherlands)
Philip the Handsome
Rudolf I of Germany
Albert I of Germany
Albert II of Germany
Conrad I of Germany
Conrad III of
Germany
Henry the Fowler
Louis the Child
Louis the Younger
Philip of Swabia
Rupert, King of the
Romans
William II of
Holland
Carloman II
Charles Martel
Charles the Simple
Lothair of France
Louis II of Italy
Louis IV of France
Louis V of France
Odo of France
Pepin the Short
Charles IV, Holy
Roman Emperor
Sigismund, Holy
Roman Emperor
Wenceslaus IV of
Bohemia
Louis IV, Holy Roman
Emperor
Rupert, King of the
Romans
Hereditary Homage of
the Prussian Estates
to the Great Elector
at Königsberg (18
October 1663)
Philip of Swabia
Ahasuerus issuing a
decree in behalf of
the Jews
Esther before
Ahasuerus
Feast of Ahasuerus
Mordecai's triumph
Cyrus ordering a
temple to be built
in Jerusalem
Battle at Issus (5
November 333 BC) -
Alexander fighting
against Darius at
Issus
Darius, king of
Persia, grants
permission to
rebuild the temple
Besiege of Samaria
by King Shalmaneser
First Congress of
Vienna (1515)
Battle of Varna (10
November 1444)
Battles with Murad
II in 1444
Battle of Ankara (20
July 1402)
Daniel before King
Nebuchadnezzar
King
Nebuchadnezzar's
first dream (a great
statue)
Nebuchadnezzar
conquering Jerusalem
Nebuchadnezzar, king
of Assyria, sends
ambassadors to the
neighbouring states
to ask for military
aid against Arphaxad
Belshazzar's great
feast
Messenger brings the
tidings of Saul's
(and Jonathan's)
death to David; the
messenger falls
prostrate to the
ground before David
Philistines place
Saul's armour in the
temple of Dagon
Saul and the witch
of Endor
Philistine carrying
Saul's head to the
temple
Death of Sviatoslav
I in the battle with
the Pechenegs
Canonization of St
Casimir by Leo X
Christ before King
Herod
Salome dancing
during the banquet
of Herod
Eagle carrying off
hat from the head of
Lucius Tarquinius
Priscus
Christian II of
Denmark
Christina of Denmark
Coat of Arms of Bona
Sforza as Queen of
Poland
Coat of arms of the
House of Visconti
(Biscione) with
papal crest
Quarterly coat of
arms of the House of
Sforza
Quarterly coat of
arms of the Polish-
Lithuanian
Commonwealth with
the Biscione in the
inescutcheon
Princely mitre
Crown - corona
clausa
Diadem, tiara
Reichsapfel (coat of
arms)
Letter of indulgence
Caesar's
fortifications
surrounding Alesia
Caesar's battle with
the Helvetii
Leaders of the
Gallic tribes in
Caesar's Gallic War
Alesia (the Celtic
oppidum conquered by
Julius Caesar during
the Gallic Wars)
Ambiorix's Ambush on
Sabinus and Cotta
Avaricum
Battle of Vosges (58
BC)
Battle of the Arar
(85 BC)
Caesar's Rhine
bridge
Caesar's camp at
Geneva
Massilia (Massalia;
Gallia Narbonensis)
Siege of Quintus
Cicero’s Winter
Quarters
Uxellodunum
C. Julius Caesar
defeats and drives
out Ariovistus, a
German chieftain
Caesar's battle with
the Helvetii
Battle of Alexandria
(47 BC)
Battle of Thapsus (6
April 46 BC)
Battle of Uzita (46
BC)
Battle of the Arar
(85 BC)
Caesar's camp at
Geneva
Battle of
Dyrrhachium (10 July
48 BC)
Battle of Ilerda
(June-Autust 49 BC)
Battle of Nicopolis
(48 BC)
Battle of Ruspina (4
January 46 BC)
Siege of Brundisium
(49 BC)
Charles III, Duke of
Bourbon
Antoine of Navarre
Edward VI
Henry VIII
Destruction of
Sennacherib
St Hedwig of Silesia
taking a vow of
chastity
St Hedwig of Silesia
with her husband
taking up vow of
chastity before the
bishop
St Hedwig tuning
water into wine
Simon Thassi
Alexander Jannaeus
Antigonus II
Mattathias
Aristobulus I
Aristobulus II
Hyrcanus II
John Hyrcanus
Salome Alexandra
(queen regnant)
Mattathias
Jonathan Apphus
Maximilian I, Holy
Roman Emperor
Albert I of Germany
Albert II of Germany
Catherine of
Austria, Queen of
Portugal
Charles V, Holy
Roman Emperor
Eleanor of Austria
Ferdinand I, Holy
Roman Emperor
Frederick III, Holy
Roman Emperor
Isabella of Austria
Margaret of Austria,
Duchess of Savoy
Mary of Hungary
(governor of the
Netherlands)
Philip the Handsome
Rudolf I of Germany
House of Bourbon-
Montpensier
House of Bourbon-
Vendôme
Henry IV of France
Henry II of Navarre
Jeanne d'Albret
Court jester, court
fool
Christian II of
Denmark
Christina of Denmark
Charles III, Duke of
Bourbon
Christian II of
Denmark
Christina of Denmark
Beatrice of
Portugal, Duchess of
Savoy
Isabella of Portugal
Polish Sejm
Senate of the
Kingdom of Poland
Aggressive
relationships of C.
Julius Caesar
Caesar, Commentarii
de Bello Civili
Caesar, Commentarii
de Bello Gallico
Julius Caesar as one
of the nine worthies
Census ordered by
Caesar Augustus
Tiburtine sibyl and
the emperor Augustus
First Congress of
Vienna (1515)
Powszyński
(Powsiński, Rogala
odmienna) coat of
arms
St Peter in papal
tiara
Leszko II's horse
race
Mouse Tower in
Kruszwica
Burial of Czech
Quarterly coat of
arms of Henry of
Valois as King of
Poland and Grand
Duke of Lithuania
White Eagle with
Henry of Valois
fleur-de-lis
Equestrian statue of
Philippe VI de
Valois in Paris
Notre-Dame
Charles III, Duke of
Bourbon
Antoine of Navarre
First Congress of
Vienna (1515)
Rebuilding of the
Temple
Coat of arms of
Grand Master of the
Teutonic Knights
with a Mitre
Pogoń [chase] coat
of arms with a mitre
Quarterly coat of
arms of Janusz
Ostrogski with a
mitre
Quarterly coat of
arms of Katarzyna
Eugenia
Tyszkiewiczówna
St Casimir as a
prince
Janina coat of arms
with corona clausa
Papal tiara
Quarterly coat of
arms of the House of
Wittelsbach with the
Reichsapfel in the
inescutcheon
Lilia et taleae
Palisade surrounding
Alesia
Rampart surrounding
Alesia
Battle of Bibracte
(58 BC)
Ariovistus
Battle of Vosges (58
BC)
Battle of Bibracte
(58 BC)
Capture of Gazara by
Simon Thassi
Mattathias killing a
Jew who wanted to
offer sacrifices to
pagan gods
Mattathias on his
deathbed instructing
his sons
First Congress of
Vienna (1515)
Charles III, Duke of
Bourbon
Antoine of Navarre
State; law; political life
